The recovery of microalgal production and biomass in a South African temporarily open/closed estuary, following mouth breaching     

Akash Anandraj  Renzo Perissinotto  Christian Nozais  Derek Stretch 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(4):599-606

Mouth breaching is a recurrent event in temporarily open/closed estuaries (TOCEs). Such disturbances result in flushing and sediment scouring, reducing the microalgal biomass stock. The depletion of these microalgae may have negative repercussions in the form of depleted stocks of commercial fish, game fish, crustaceans and mollusks. The aim of this investigation was therefore: (1) to monitor the recovery of microalgal biomass and production following a breaching event; and (2) to determine the key environmental parameters influencing primary production during the open and recovery phases. Phytoplankton and benthic microalgal production was measured (¹⁴C-uptake method) successively during the closed, open and recovery phases of the Mdloti TOCE (South Africa). Upon breaching, 94–99% of microalgal biomass was washed out to sea through flushing and sediment scouring. A temporary recovery of phytoplankton and benthic microalgal biomass was observed during the open phase, but this was not sustained because of continual flushing and scouring of the sediment. During the re-closure (recovery phase), microalgal biomass immediately increased, reaching pre-breaching levels 35–40 days following the breaching event. In contrast to biomass, autochthonous pelagic primary production reached a maximum level (341 mg C m⁻² h⁻¹) during the open phase. Pelagic primary production normalized to biomass (P^B) significantly increased during the open phase. This is attributed to a favorable combination of optimum light conditions, high influx of macronutrients and high water temperatures (33 °C). Similarly, benthic primary production normalized to biomass (P^B) peaked during the open phase (35 mg C mg chl-a⁻¹ h⁻¹). Multivariate analysis showed that major variations in primary production were mainly controlled by temperature, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to phosphorus (DIP) molar ratios (water-column and pore-water) and light extinction (K_d), all of which were regulated by the state of the mouth.  相似文献   

Benthic metabolism and the fate of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in intertidal sediments     

W.P. Porubsky  N.B. Weston  S.B. Joye   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,83(4):392-402

We determined patterns of benthic metabolism and examined the relative importance of denitrification (DNF) and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) as sinks for nitrate (NO₃⁻) in intertidal sediments in the presence and absence of benthic microalgal (BMA) activity. By influencing the activity of BMA, light regulated the metabolic status of the sediments, and, in turn, exerted strong control on sediment nitrogen dynamics and the fate of inorganic nitrogen. A pulsed addition of ¹⁵N-labeled NO₃⁻ tracked the effect and fate of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the system. Under illuminated conditions, BMA communities influenced benthic fluxes directly, via DIN uptake, and indirectly, by altering the oxygen penetration depth. Under dark hypoxic and anoxic conditions, the fate of water column NO₃⁻ was determined largely by three competing dissimilatory reductive processes; DNF, DNRA, and, on one occasion, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). Mass balance of the added ¹⁵N tracer illustrated that DNF accounted for a maximum of 48.2% of the ¹⁵NO₃⁻ reduced while DNRA (a minimum of 11.4%) and anammox (a minimum of 2.2%) accounted for much less. A slurry experiment was employed to further examine the partitioning between DNF and DNRA. High sulfide concentrations negatively impacted rates of both processes, while high DOC:NO₃⁻ ratios favored DNRA over DNF.  相似文献   

利用两种活体荧光技术分析北极微藻对光照变化的响应          下载免费PDF全文

王肖颖何剑锋  光应芝李娟英 张芳 《极地研究》2013,25(3):257-267

采用调制叶绿素荧光技术（脉冲-振幅-调制：Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation,简称为PAM技术）和荧光光谱两种技术研究不同光照下的两种北极微藻（北极异帽藻（Heterocapsa arctica）和红胞藻（Rhodomonas sp.）的荧光特性,发现（1）两种藻在三个不同光照水平下（5 000 lux、15 000 lux、25 000 lux）光合生理变化特征相似：随着光照强度增加,光量子产量越低,光合效率越低;在15 000 lux和25 000 lux两个较强光照条件下,最大光合电子传递速率（rETRmax）没有提高,且捕光能力下降;25 000 lux光照强度下,均处于胁迫状态,但对强光的耐受能力增强;（2）两种藻在15 000 lux条件下Chl a荧光强度最高,25 000 lux条件下的Chl a荧光强度都显著降低,受到不同程度的光损伤;类胡萝卜素和多甲藻素是维持北极异帽藻15 000 lux下种群生存的有效色素;藻胆素和Chl c则分别为维持红胞藻5 000 lux和15 000 lux条件下的种群的生存起了积极作用。  相似文献   

Suffocation of pilchards (Sardinops sagax) by a green microalgal bloom in Wellington Harbour,New Zealand     

J. Brian Jones  Lesley L. Rhodes 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):379-383

A bloom of the green microalga Tetraselmis sp. in a small lagoon in Wellington Harbour, New Zealand, is considered to have caused a fish kill of pilchards (Sardinops sagax). The fish deaths are attributed to anoxia brought about by a combination of reduced dissolved oxygen levels and the microalgae sticking to and clogging the secondary gill lamellae of the fish.  相似文献   

Benthic trophic status and nutrient fluxes in shallow-water sediments     

Anna Engelsen  Stefan Hulth  Leif Pihl  Kristina Sundbck 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,78(4):783-795

Proliferation of fast-growing ephemeral macroalgae in shallow-water embayments constitutes a large-scale environmental change of coastal marine ecosystems. Since inorganic nutrients essential for the initiation and maintenance of macroalgal growth may be supplied from the underlying sediment, we investigated the coupling between benthic inorganic nutrient (mainly N and P) fluxes and sediment properties in 6 bays representing a wide gradient of sediment characteristics (grain size, organic matter content, solid phase C and N). The initial characterization of bays was made in June and also included measurements of oxygen flux and microphytobenthic and macrofaunal biomass. In September, still within the growth season of the macroalgae, complementary experiments with sediment-water incubations for benthic flux measurements of oxygen and nutrients focused on trophic status (balance between auto- and heterotrophy) as a controlling factor for rates of measured benthic nutrient fluxes. Generally, sediments rendered autotrophic by microphytobenthic photosynthesis removed nutrients from the overlying water, while heterotrophic sediments supplied nutrients to the overlying bottom water. Estimations of the green-algal nutrient demand suggested that late in the growth season, net heterotrophic sediments could cover 20% of the N-demand and 70% of the P demand. As the benthic trophic status is a functional variable more closely coupled to nutrient fluxes than the comparably conservative structural parameter organic matter content, we suggest that the trophic status is a more viable parameter to classify sediments and predict benthic nutrient fluxes in shallow-water environments.  相似文献   

两种微藻凝集素对几种不同类型细胞的凝集作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

郑??怡  陈晓清  林雄平 《海洋科学》2008,32(6):30-34

经离子交换和分子筛层析从紫球藻（Porphyridium cruentum）和海水小球藻（Chlorella sp．）中分离纯化得到2种凝集素，研究它们对几种不同类型细胞即动物和人血红细胞、海洋和淡水微藻、细菌和真菌的凝集活性。研究结果表明，2种微藻凝集素对它们当中一些类型的细胞或种类具有不同程度的凝集活性，其中对水生聚胞藻（Synechocystis aquetilis）的凝集活性最强，最低质量浓度只需0．0313g／L。  相似文献   

微藻制氢的研究进展     

孟春晓  高政权  叶乃好 《海洋湖沼通报》2008,(4)

化石能源的不可再生性和使用过程中造成的环境污染使开发新能源变得非常迫切。氢是理想的能源,因此,利用微藻制氢具有诱人前景。本文综述了微藻光合制氢技术的研究历史、固氮酶和可逆产氢酶的产氢机制及研究进展;介绍了基于微藻的硫缺乏生理调控而发展起来的一步法与两步法光解制氢的方式;指出了利用微藻可逆产氢酶两步法间接光水解制氢最具开发潜力;分析了实现微藻光合制氢的限制因子和存在的问题;归纳了今后的主要研究方向。  相似文献   

胞外滤液对球等鞭金藻生长速率和胞内生化成分含量的影响     

陈静  孙颖颖  王长海 《海洋湖沼通报》2008,(1):90-95

以4个不同生长阶段的球等鞭金藻的胞外滤液为研究对象,研究其对球等鞭金藻藻生长速率和胞内生化成分含量的影响。结果表明,随着胞外滤液老化程度的逐渐增加,藻细胞的生长速率及胞内物质的含量受到越来越强烈的影响,表现为生长速率呈现负值,胞内生化成分的含量降低。即便是补充了足够的营养盐,也无法消除胞外滤液的抑制作用。实验证明,球等鞭金藻在生长过程中产生的抑制物在影响其生长的同时,对胞内物质也有一定的抑制作用。  相似文献   

基于GIS的东黄海渔场影响因子分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李小恕  李继龙  贾静 《广东海洋大学学报》2005,25(4):44-48

利用地理信息系统(GIS)技术、结合近年对东黄海海洋渔业资源与环境的调查资料,对东黄海渔场的渔业资源变化的主要影响因子进行空间分析与叠加,得到该渔场的资源分布与水温、初级生产力、饵料、底质等因子的时空分布专题图,经过相关分析,即可掌握当前该渔场资源的概况。  相似文献   

CO2浓度梯度对两种岩溶微藻碳酸酐酶活性的影响     

黄炳惠  李强  房君佳  曹建华  靳振江  彭文杰  卢晓漩  梁月明 《中国岩溶》2018,37(1):91-100

以经岩溶水驯化的小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris）和喜钙念珠藻(Nostoc calcicola Breb.)为实验对象,在封闭体系中用Willbur和 Anderson 方法比较研究两种不同微藻在不同CO2浓度下碳酸酐酶活性变化情况。结果表明:在低于3%CO2浓度的环境中岩溶微藻可通过快速调节自身碳酸酐酶活性来应对CO2升高带来的生境影响,在影响最大的2.5%的环境下小球藻与喜钙念珠藻碳酸酐酶活性分别提高了1.46倍和2.12倍;岩溶微藻应对CO2浓度增大带来的pH下降有着重要的恢复作用,随培养时间增长培养环境中的pH得到恢复;随着CO2浓度的增大,岩溶因子对碳酸酐酶有着重要的影响;培养48 h时Ca2+与喜钙念珠藻碳酸酐酶的相关性最高,而电导率（EC）与小球藻碳酸酐酶相关程度最高。   相似文献